![]() The Human Rights Council, established on 15 March 2006 by the General Assembly and reporting directly to it, replaced the 60-year-old UN Commission on Human Rights as the key UN intergovernmental body responsible for human rights. They include the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006), among others. ![]() Human Rights ConventionsĪ series of international human rights treaties and other instruments adopted since 1945 have expanded the body of international human rights law. The Covenant deals with such rights as freedom of movement equality before the law the right to a fair trial and presumption of innocence freedom of thought, conscience and religion freedom of opinion and expression peaceful assembly freedom of association participation in public affairs and elections and protection of minority rights. It prohibits arbitrary deprivation of life torture, cruel or degrading treatment or punishment slavery and forced labour arbitrary arrest or detention arbitrary interference with privacy war propaganda discrimination and advocacy of racial or religious hatred. The Second Optional Protocol was adopted in 1989. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and its First Optional Protocol entered into force in 1976. the right to education and the enjoyment of benefits of cultural freedom and scientific progress.the right to social protection, to an adequate standard of living and to the highest attainable standards of physical and mental well-being.the right to work in just and favourable conditions.The human rights that the Covenant seeks to promote and protect include: The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights entered into force in 1976. The UDHR, together with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and its two Optional Protocols (on the complaints procedure and on the death penalty) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and its Optional Protocol, form the so-called International Bill of Human Rights. It sets out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. Since its adoption in 1948, the UDHR has been translated into more than 500 languages - the most translated document in the world - and has inspired the constitutions of many newly independent States and many new democracies. Drafted by representatives with different legal and cultural backgrounds from all regions of the world, the Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 by General Assembly resolution 217 A (III) as a common standard of achievements for all peoples and all nations. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone document in the history of human rights. Since then, the United Nations has gradually expanded human rights law to encompass specific standards for women, children, persons with disabilities, minorities and other vulnerable groups, who now possess rights that protect them from discrimination that had long been common in many societies. ![]() The foundations of this body of law are the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the General Assembly in 19, respectively. It has also established mechanisms to promote and protect these rights and to assist states in carrying out their responsibilities. The United Nations has defined a broad range of internationally accepted rights, including civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights. One of the great achievements of the United Nations is the creation of a comprehensive body of human rights law-a universal and internationally protected code to which all nations can subscribe and all people aspire. ![]() International human rights law lays down the obligations of Governments to act in certain ways or to refrain from certain acts, in order to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups. Everyone is entitled to these rights, without discrimination. Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status. Human rights include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education, and many more. ![]()
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